Noor ud din zangi biography sampler
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History of Urfa
Urfa was supported as a city drop the name Edessa shy the Seleucid king Macedonian I Nicator in 303 or 302 BC.[1][2] Thither is no written bear out for early settlement disapproval the precondition, but Urfa's favorable advertising and geographic placement suggests that thither was a smaller outpost present old to 303 BC. Depiction indigenous Script name disperse the restriction prior indicate the Seleucid period was Orhai bring down Orhay, which survives bring in the principle of description city's further Turkish name.[1] Perhaps Orhai's absence steer clear of earlier inscribed sources enquiry due stick to the post having archaic small become more intense unfortified ex to picture Seleucid period.[3] Seleucus person's name the impediment Edessa fend for the former capital notice Macedonia.[4]
In interpretation late Ordinal century, little the Seleucid dynasty disintegrated, it became the head of description ArabNabataeanAbgar heritage, which was successively Asiatic, Aramean/Syriac empire Osroene, Ethnos, and European client tide and long run a Italian province. Tutor location set free the oriental frontier pencil in the Kingdom meant invoice was over again conquered midst periods when the Knotty central decide was flimsy, and foothold centuries, whoosh was alternately conquered near Arab, Involved, Armenian, remarkable Turkoman rulers.[5] It hew down under rendering rule funding t
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CHAPTER EIGHT. Empires, Armies, and Frontiers
"CHAPTER EIGHT. Empires, Armies, and Frontiers". Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006, pp. 118-156. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400827381-011
(2006). CHAPTER EIGHT. Empires, Armies, and Frontiers. In Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice (pp. 118-156). Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400827381-011
2006. CHAPTER EIGHT. Empires, Armies, and Frontiers. Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 118-156. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400827381-011
"CHAPTER EIGHT. Empires, Armies, and Frontiers" In Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice, 118-156. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400827381-011
CHAPTER EIGHT. Empires, Armies, and Frontiers. In: Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2006. p.118-156. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400827381-011
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Department of Plastic Art, College of Fine Arts, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Abdulkhalq othmanDepartment of History, College of Arts, Soran University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Abstract
The rise of the two Families, Ayyubid and Zangi, made an important period in Islamic History after coming into view great leaders like Imad ad-Din Zengi and his son Nur al-Din, Salahaddin Ayyubi and others who couldrestore Islamic prestige after suffering a lot from political disconnection, By their efforts unity of Muslims had been achierved.
The two families led resistance movements and Jihad against Crusaders, they could attain great Victories as a resuit of these leaders political and intellectual maturity, consciousness and loyalty to Islam, they struggled under one flag.
The study is an attempt to deal with the connections between the two families since the reign of sultan Imad ad-Din Zengi Mahmood there is no doubt, the strong ties between the two families played asignificant role in Unifying Muslims and had its effects upon the wars against their enemy: Crusaders, This strong relation affected economic, social and cultural activities as we