Locke definition of society
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John Locke and the Uncivilized Society. Scott Robinson, Lexington Press,
Many commentators have sounded the alarm over the level of political polarization among the American populace over the last several years. Americans’ distrust of their political counterparts is arguably at an all-time high. We have seemingly moved past the point of merely disagreeing into the much more dangerous territory of impugning the motives of our opponents. Resistance has also moved beyond elections and into the streets, sometimes ending in violence. While some have attempted to place blame on particular groups or individuals: Donald Trump, Barack Obama, social justice warriors, white supremacists, atheists, and religious fundamentalists (to name a few), others have turned to broader explanations such as wealth inequality, the media, the educational system, and technology. What they tend to share in common is a reductionist worldview, informed by ideological assumptions, which obscures the root of the problem. In order to better understand our “uncivilized society,” Scott Robinson turns to the work, and interpretations, of John Locke. While acknowledging the legitimacy of Locke’s influence on the American Revolution, Robinson makes a multi-faceted argument regarding Locke’s re-emergence
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Two of the most important concepts in any discussion of liberty are state and society. But it is often far from clear what any given person means by those terms. Part of the confusion stems from the fact that the definitions can shift dramatically depending upon the theoretical approach of the speaker. Virtually all individualists agree that there is some distinction to be drawn between a state and a society. But exactly where the line should be drawn has been the subject of active debate, at least since the writings of the seventeenth-century English classical liberal John Locke.
The German sociologist Franz Oppenheimer spearheaded an analysis of these key terms in his classic work, The State (). Oppenheimer defined the state as &#;that summation of privileges and dominating positions which are brought into being by extra-economic power.&#; He defined society as &#;the totality of concepts of all purely natural relations and institutions between man and man.&#;1 He contrasted what he termed &#;the political means&#; with &#;the economic means&#; of acquiring wealth or power. The state uses the political means-in other words, force&#;to plunder and exploit society, which uses the economic means&#;in other words, cooperation. Thus, for Oppenheimer, the state was th
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John Locke, "Of Political add up to Civil Society"
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